Generally speaking, hydraulic Turbine and Generator knowledge is hard to come by as there are very few training courses available in this field and expertise in this field tends to rest with turbine manufacturers. Given that these components can have a considerable impact on project orientations and costs, it is imperative that project managers and engineers of all fields, who are called to work on powerhouse design or rehabilitation projects, have a basic knowledge of turbine Selection, Design, Maintenance and Operation.
The objectives of this training course are to provide introductory level knowledge of the aspects relating to turbines and generators which are most likely to impact projects in the feasibility and predesign phases.
Participants who complete this training will gain an awareness pertaining to the aspects of turbine Selection, Design, Maintenance and Operation which are susceptible of impacting their projects and should be able to hold a conversation with turbine experts regarding these aspects.
Please note: Training sessions on hydraulic turbines and alternators are reserved for companies and are not intended for individuals.
TURBINE 101 - BASIC COURSE (8h)
Le cours de base des turbines est conçu dans l'optique de couvrir les aspects les plus commun de la sélection, la conception, l'opération et la maintenance. La réalisation du cours fournira aux participants la compréhension et les connaissances requises pour échanger avec des spécialistes en turbine sur les sujets suivants.
Turbine terminology (1h)
- Difference between runner types and unit types;
- Runner types;
- Unit types;
- Difference between Min, Max, Rated, Design, Gross and Net values.
Unit Selection (1.5h)
- Advantages and disadvantages of unit types and runner types;
- Selection process;
- Rated Head, Flow & Speed.
Adimensional values (1h)
- Origins of adimensional values;
- How to compare units (N11, Q11, P11).
Efficiency hill charts (1.5h)
- Interpretation of a hill chart;
- Establishment of unit operating ranges;
- Efficiency curves.
Cavitation (1h)
- Physics of cavitation;
- Unit setting or submergence values.
Impacts of unit sizing on powerhouse designs (1h)
- Unit dimensions which can impact powerhouse sizing;
- Civil, Electrical and Mechanical Interfaces.
Recurring Errors or Omissions (1h)
- Difference between over-speed and runaway speed;
- Difference between Power and Energy.
- Review of errors or omissions often found in documentation.
TURBINE HYDRAULICS AND TESTING - OPTIONAL (4h)
The Turbine hydraulics option is an add-on to the Turbine basics course, it is required that the Turbine basics course be completed before the Hydraulics course can be taken.
The objectives of this course are to provide an introduction to the hydraulic aspects of turbines. Completion of this course option will provide participants with a better understanding of how the mechanical components of the turbine interact with the water flowing through the unit. Furthermore, the course will provide background on the model testing of turbines, which will allow students to better understand how and why model tests are carried out and what the objectives, limitations, and requirements are for these types of tests. The course breakdown is as follows:
Turbine losses (1h)
- Breakdown of hydraulic losses in different unit types;
- Mitigation measures.
Draft tube rope (0.5h)
- Physics of rope creation;
- Mitigation through aeration.
Overpressures (1h)
- Relation between overpressure and overspeed;
- Potential mitigations and trade-offs.
Model testing (1.5h)
- Definition of a model test;
- Requirements for model test accuracy;
- Validations obtained through testing;
- Cost and length of a model test;
- Economics of model testing.
- Alternatives to model testing.
MECHANICAL COMPONENTS - OPTIONAL (4h)
The Mechanical components option is an add-on to the Turbine basics course, it is required that the Turbine basics course be completed before the components course can be taken.
The Mechanical components course is a walk-through of the main mechanical components of a turbine. Each component will be described and explanations will be provided as to its function, inner workings (if applicable), interaction with other components and its potential variations from one unit to another.
The following base components are covered:
- Draft Tube and Draft Tube Access
- Scroll Case and Scroll Case Access
- Stay Ring and Stay Vanes
- Bottom Ring
- Headcover
- Wicket Gates
- Wicket Gate Mechanism
- Servomotors
- Governor & Hydraulic Pumping Unit (HPU)
- Shaft Seal
- Turbine and Generator Shafts and Couplings
- Runner
- Stator
- Rotor
- Guide Bearings
- Thrust Bearings
- High Pressure Oil Injection System (HPOIS)
- Braking and Jacking
- Brackets
- Generator Fire Suppression System
- Excitation
- Instrumentation
- Main inlet valves (Butterfly, Spherical, Gate, etc.)
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Please note: Training sessions on hydraulic turbines and alternators are reserved for companies and are not intended for individuals.